Dua is a prayer of invocation, supplication, or request, asking help or assistance from Allah سبحانه وتعالى. Dua is not just an act of verbalizing your need but rather more effectively converging the attention of your mind and heart towards Allah سبحانه وتعالى, imagining His Greatness and His powers. It includes admitting one’s humanly shortcomings and limitations and requesting His help and blessings. It is also a form of remembrance of Allah سبحانه وتعالى and His ever-presence.
A formal way of dua is the obligatory prayers (Salah) performed 5 times a day, an act full of submissions and supplications. However, the act of Dua can be performed at any time of day and night. Prophet Mohammad صلى الله عليه وسلم has taught us supplications for almost every aspect of our life. It is useful to remember some of these supplications as they teach us the best way of making dua.
Through dua, we can seek the help of Allah سبحانه وتعالى in any language or method of expression. Thus dua can be used to ask Allah سبحانه وتعالى for all our worldly needs including material needs, health and safety. As Muslims we have also been taught to ask forgiveness of Allah سبحانه وتعالى at all times, ask for His pleasure, admittance to the paradise and relief from hellfire and His wrath.
Dua is a great act of worship. When a request is submitted to Allah سبحانه وتعالى, there are four possible outcomes, either the request is granted, or an alternate better choice is granted, or an ill fate is averted. As a fourth choice, the dua is preserved against a reward in the hereafter and that is the best return for making a dua.